Phytochemical compounds and biomedical properties of Althaea officinalis
Main Article Content
Keywords
Althaea officinalis, , antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on the chemical constituents and biological characteristics of Althaea officinalis. Methods: A comprehensive search of scientific databases, including Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Researchgate, was conducted. The search included keywords such as " Althaea officinalis", " Althaea officinalis compounds", " Althaea officinalis phytochemicals", " Althaea officinalis pharmacological", and " Althaea officinalis traditional uses". Results: Althaea officinalis, commonly known as marshmallow root, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Europe and western Asia. It belongs to the Althaea genus of the Malvaceae family. Throughout history, people have recognized the plant ability to relieve symptoms such as a sore throat, dry cough, stomach ulcers, and wounds. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the extract from this plant has various positive effects, including antitussive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties. Recent analyses of its chemical composition have revealed that Althaea officinalis contains numerous bioactive compounds, including mucopolysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, coumarins, steroids, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, triterpenoids etc. The roots and leaves of Althaea officinalis are used in teas, salads, emollients, and sedatives due to their edible and medicinal qualities. Furthermore, this particular plant is frequently grown for its beautiful flowers, making it a popular choice for ornamental purposes. Currently, Althaea officinalis can be found worldwide due to its widespread cultivation in the agricultural industry. It offers various benefits in the fields of food, healthcare, and dietary supplements. Conclusion: Althaea officinalis, a well-known traditional herbal plant, is readily available and widely used. Recent research efforts have successfully identified numerous chemical components of Althaea officinalis, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolic acids, coumarins, and steroids. These diverse chemical compounds contribute to the plant's various pharmacological properties, such as its ability to alleviate coughs, reduce inflammation, provide antioxidant effects, fight against bacterial infections, and promote wound healing.
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11. Pakrokh Ghavi, P. Modeling and optimization of ultrasoundassisted extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Althaea
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12. Gudej, J. Flavonoid compounds of Althaea officinalis leaves. I. Glucoside esters, monoglucosides. Acta Pol. Pharm. 1985, 42, 192–198.
13. Gudej, J. Flavonoid compounds of Althaea officinalis leaves. II. Glycosides of 8-hydroxyluteolin (hypoletin). Acta Pol. Pharm. 1987, 44, 369–373.
14. Didry, N., Torck, M., Pinkas, M. Polyphenolic compounds from the flowers of Althaea officinalis. Fitoterapia 1990, 61, 280.
15. Sendker, J., Boker, I., Lengers, I., Brandt, S., Jose, J., Hensel, A., Stark, T., Hofmann, T., Fink, C., Abdel-Aziz, H. Phytochemical characterization of low molecular weight constituents from marshmallow roots (Althaea officinalis) and inhibiting effects of the aqueous extract on human hyaluronidase-1. J. Nat. Prod. 2017, 80, 290–297.
16. Ninov, S.; Ionkova, I., Kolev, D. Constituents of Althaea officinalis var. “Russalka” roots. Fitoterapia 1992, 63, 474.
17. Gudej, J. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins from the roots of Althaea officinalis. Planta Med. 1991, 57, 284–285.
18. Rani, S., Khan, S. A., Ali, M. Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Althaea officinalis L. Nat. Prod. Res. 2010, 24, 1358–1364.
19. Zoobi, J., Mohd, A. Three new compounds from the roots of Althaea officinalis L. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 2011, 2, 864–868.
20. Blaschek W., Franz G. A convenient method for the quantitative determination of mucilage polysaccharides in Althaeae radix.
Planta Medica 1986; 52:537.
21. Nosáľvá, G., Strapková, A., Kardošová, A., & Capek, P. Antitussive activity of a rhamnogalacturonan isolated from the roots of
Althaea officinalis L., var. Robusta. Journal of carbohydrate chemistry 1993, 12(4-5), 589-596.
22. Tomoda M. The structural features of Althaea-mucilage representative mucous polysaccharide from the roots of Althaea
officinalis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1980; 28:824–830.
23. European Medicines Agency Evaluation of Medicines for Human Use. Assessment report on Althaea officinalis L. Radix.Doc. Ref.: MEA/HMPC/98718/2008. London, 14 May 2009.
24. Buchwald W., Szczyglewska D . Marshmallow – a source of mucilaginous substances. Wiad. Ziel 1999; 2: 8-9.
25. Deters A., Zippel J., Hellenbrand N., Pappai D., Possemeyer C., and Hensel A. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Marshmallow roots (Althaea officinalis L.): Cellular internalization and stimulation of cell physiology of human epithelial cells n vitro. J Ethnopharma 2010, 127(1): 62-69.
26. Gudej J. Determination of flavonoids in leaves, flowers and roots of Althaea officinalis. Farm Pol 1990; 5(6): 153-155.
27. Benbassat, N., Yoncheva, K., Hadjimitova, V., Hristova, N., Konstantinov, S., & Lambov, N. Influence of the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Althaea officinalis L. root extracts. Open Life Sciences 2014, 9(2), 182-188 28. Shahsavari, S., & Derikvand, Z. Extraction and identification of compounds of Althaea officinalis L. and Anchusa italica Retz.
native to Ilam province by using HS-SPME, GC-MS, and FTIR, and study of their antioxidant capacity. Progress in Chemical and
Biochemical Research 2022, 5(4), 338-350.
29. Karimi, S., Ghanbarzadeh, B., Roufegarinejad, L., & Falcone, P. M. Polysaccharide extracted from Althaea officinalis L. root: New
studies of structural, rheological and antioxidant properties. Carbohydrate Research 2021, 510, 108438.
30. Ghavi, P. P. The extraction process optimization of antioxidant polysaccharides from Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.)
roots. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2015, 75, 51-57.
31. Sarikanat, M., Seki, Y., Sever, K., & Durmuşkahya, C. Determination of properties of Althaea officinalis L.(Marshmallow) fibres
as a potential plant fibre in polymeric composite materials. Composites Part B: Engineering 2014, 57, 180-186.
32. Tahmouzi, S., & Nejat, M. R. S. New infertility therapy effects of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis leaf with emphasis
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Phytochemical compounds and biomedical properties of Althaea officinalis. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 8 [cited 2025 Oct. 22];23(3):1-15. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/3153
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How to Cite
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Phytochemical compounds and biomedical properties of Althaea officinalis. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 8 [cited 2025 Oct. 22];23(3):1-15. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/3153