Pharmacological effects and bio-active compounds of Plantago major
Main Article Content
Keywords
Plantago major, bio-active compounds, Antioxidant, phytoconstitution, antibacterial
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on the chemical constituents and biological characteristics of Plantago major, Plantaginaceae. Methods: A comprehensive search of scientific databases, including Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Researchgate and other online collections were extensively utilized. For efficient re-trieval, specific keywords like “Plantaginaceae”, “Plantago major bio-active compounds ”, “Plantago major. phyto-chemicals”, “Plantago major L. pharmacological activities”, and “Plantago major’’ traditional uses”. Results: The medicinal benefits of herbal plants are recognized worldwide, and numerous scientific studies have been conducted to validate their effectiveness. Additionally, the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms in recent years has prompted researchers to investigate the effects of medicinal plants on these pathogens. Plantago major one a such plant the healing properties have been acknowledged worldwide for numerous years. This particular plant contains various potent chemical compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, phenolic acid derivatives, and iridoid glycosides. These constituents contribute to its therapeutic effects and its wide range of medicinal qualities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-ulcer properties. The main objective of this review is to highlight the potential use of Plantago major extracts as herbal remedies and explore their extensive therapeutic capabilities. Conclusion: Plantago major plays a significant role in the treatment of various diseases and specific health conditions, including diarrhoea, ulcers, bacterial infections, inflammation, and cancer. Research has demonstrated that this plant contains multiple classes of essential bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins, iridoid glycosides, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds like caffeic acid. The therapeutic properties and biological activity of Plantago major are largely attributed to these active chemical components. However, further research is needed to fully understand the precise mechanisms and activities of the primary bioactive compounds responsible for treating specific diseases.
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14. Penczykowski, R. M., & Sieg, R. D. Plantago spp. as models for studying the ecology and evolution of species interactions across environmental gradients. The American Naturalist 2021, 198(1), 158-176.
15. Adom, M. B., Taher, M., Mutalabisin, M. F., Amri, M. S., Kudos, M. B. A., Sulaiman, M. W. A. W., ... & Susanti, D. Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2017, 96, 348-360.
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18. Yuting, C., Rongliang, Z., Zhongjian, J., & Yong, J. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Radical Biology
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19. Sanz, M. J., Ferrandiz, M. L., Cejudo, M., Terencio, M. C., Gil, B., Bustos, G., ... & Alcaraz, M. J. Influence of a series of natural
flavonoids on free radical generating systems and oxidative stress. Xenobiotica 1994, 24(7), 689-699.
20. Skari, K. P., Malterud, K. E., & Haugli, T. Peroxidation from plantago major, a medicinal plant. Natural Antioxidants and
Anticarcinogens in Nutrition, Health and Disease 1999, (240), 200.
21. Beara, I. N., Lesjak, M. M., Jovin, E. Đ., Balog, K. J., Anackov, G. T., Orcic, D. Z., & Mimica-Dukic, N. M. Plantain (Plantago L.)
species as novel sources of flavonoid antioxidants. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2009, 57(19), 9268-9273.
22. Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., & Lin, C. C. Antiviral activity of Plantago major extracts and related compounds
in vitro. Antiviral research 2002, 55(1), 53-62.
23. Schneider, G. Arzneidrogen. Ein Kompendium fu¨r Pharmazeuten, Biologien und Chemiker 1990, 131
24. E. Haschke-Hofmeister. Contents from Plantago major. Planta Med. 1969, 17 (2), 139–145.
25. Hiltibran, R. C., Wadkins, C. L., & Nicholas, H. J. The Distribution of Triterpenes in Rugel’s Plantain1. Journal of the American
Chemical Society 1953, 75(20), 5125-5126.
26. Ringbom, T., Segura, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., & Bohlin, L. Ursolic acid from Plantago major, a selective inhibitor of
cyclooxygenase-2 catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis. Journal of natural products 1998, 61(10), 1212-1215.
27. Bakker, M. I., Baas, W. J., Sijm, D. T., & Kollöffel, C. Leaf wax of Lactuca sativa and Plantago major. Phytochemistry 1998, 47(8),
1489-1493.
28. Noro, Y. Pharmacognostical studies of plantaginis herba (VII) on the phenylethanoid contents of Plantago spp. Shoyakugaku
Zasshi 1991, 45, 24-28.
29. Long, C., Moulis, C., Stanislas, E., & Fouraste, I. L’aucuboside et le catalpol dans les feuilles de Plantago lanceolata L., Plantago
major L. et Plantago media L. Journal de pharmacie de Belgique 1995, 50(6), 484-488.
30. Bianco, A., Guiso, M., Passacantilli, P., & Francesconi, A. Iridoid and phenypropanoid glycosides from new sources. Journal of
Natural Products 1984, 47(5), 901-902.
31. Handjieva, N., Spassov, S., Bodurova, G., Saadi, H., Popov, S., Pureb, O., & Zamjansan, J. Majoroside, an iridoid glucoside from
Plantago major. Phytochemistry 1991, 30(4), 1317-1318.
32. Taskova, R., Handjieva, N., Evstatieva, L., & Popov, S. Iridoid glucosides from Plantago cornuti, Plantago major and Veronica
cymbalaria. Phytochemistry 1999, 52(8), 1443-1445.
33. Murai, M., Tamayama, Y., & Nishibe, S. Phenylethanoids in the herb of Plantago lanceolata and inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema1. Planta medica 1995, 61(05), 479-480.
34. Ahmed, Z. F., Hammouda, F. M., Rizk, A. M., & Wassel, G. M. Phytochemical studies of Egyptian Plantago species. Planta medica 1968, 16(04), 404-410.
35. Swiatek, L., Kurowska, A., & Gora, J. Chemical-composition of some plantago species seed oil. Herba Polonica 1981, 26(4), 213-217.
36. Ahmad, M. S., Ahmad, M. U., & Osman, S. M. A new hydroxyolefinic acid from Plantago major seed oil. Phytochemistry
1980, 19(10), 2137-2139.
37. Guil, J. L., Rodríguez-Garcí, I., & Torija, E. Nutritional and toxic factors in selected wild edible plants. Plant foods for human nutrition 1997, 51, 99-107.
38. Ahmed, Z. F., Rizk, A. M., & Hammouda, F. M. Phytochemical studies of egyptian Plantago species (Glucides). Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences 1965, 54(7), 1060-1062.
39. Gorin, A. G. Polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves. I. Analysis of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide complex. In Chemical Abstracts, 1966, 64, 8277.
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Pharmacological effects and bio-active compounds of Plantago major. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 May 21 [cited 2025 Jul. 16];23(2):1-13. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/3160
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How to Cite
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Pharmacological effects and bio-active compounds of Plantago major. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 May 21 [cited 2025 Jul. 16];23(2):1-13. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/3160