Pharmacist-administered pediatric vaccination services in the United States: major barriers and potential solutions for the outpatient setting
Downloads
References
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2020 - Immunization and Infectious Diseases. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases (accessed April 29, 2019).
Jenco M. CDC: Flu vaccination rates improved, still too low. AAP News. https://www.aappublications.org/news/2018/12/14/fluvaccine121418 (accessed May 5, 2019).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Situation Update: Summary of Weekly FluView Report. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/summary.htm (accessed May 30, 2019).
Walker TY, Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Markowitz LE, Williams CL, Mbaeyi SA, Fredua B, Stokley S. National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 Years - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(33):909-917. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6733a1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimates of Flu Vaccination Coverage among Children — United States, 2017–18 Flu Season. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1718estimates-children.htm#figure1 (accessed May 30, 2019).
Drug Store News. Rx Impact: A Drug Store News Special Report. http://www.drugstorenews.com/sites/drugstorenews.com/files/rximpact_2016_0.pdf (accessed May 30, 2019).
Skelton JB; American Pharmacists Association; Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy. Pharmacist-provided immunization compensation and recognition: white paper summarizing APhA/AMCP stakeholder meeting. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2011;51(6):704-712. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2011.11544
Bach AT, Goad JA. The role of community pharmacy-based vaccination in the USA: current practice and future directions. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015;4:67-77.
Goad JA, Taitel MS, Fensterheim LE, Cannon AE. Vaccinations administered during off-clinic hours at a national community pharmacy: implications for increasing patient access and convenience. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11(5):429-436. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1542
Houle SK. Pharmacy travel health services: current perspectives and future prospects. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2018;7:13-20.
Higginbotham S, Stewart A, Pfalzgraf A. Impact of a pharmacist immunizer on adult immunization rates. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2012;52(3):367-371. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2012.10083
Otsuka SH, Tayal NH, Porter K, Embi PJ, Beatty SJ. Improving herpes zoster vaccination rates through use of a clinical pharmacist and a personal health record. Am J Med. 2013 Sep;126(9):832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.02.018
Isenor JE, Edwards NT, Alia TA, Slayter KL, MacDougall DM, McNeil SA, Bowles SK. Impact of pharmacists as immunizers on vaccination rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2016;34(47):5708-5723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.085
Hogue MD, Grabenstein JD, Foster SL, Rothholz MC. Pharmacist involvement with immunizations: a decade of professional advancement. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2006;46(2):168-179. https://doi.org/10.1331/154434506776180621
Drozd EM, Miller L, Johnsrud M. Impact of pharmacist immunization authority on seasonal influenza immunization rates across states. Clin Ther. 2017;39(8):1563-1580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.07.004
Baroy J, Chung D, Frisch R, Apgar D, Slack MK. The impact of pharmacist immunization programs on adult immunization rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2016;56(4):418-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2016.03.006
Meyers R, Weilnau J, Holmes A, Girotto JE. Advocacy Committee on behalf of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group. Position Paper: Pharmacists and Childhood Vaccines. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018;23(4):343-346. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.4.343
American Pharmacist Association. Pharmacist Administered Vaccines. 2019. https://media.pharmacist.com/practice/IZ_Authority_012019_corrected_April_2019.pdf (accessed May 30, 2019).
New York Board of Pharmacy. Pharmacists as Immunizers. https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/immunization/providers/pharmacists_as_immunizers.htm (accessed April 30, 2019).
General Assembly of North Carolina. Immunizing Pharmacists. 2019. https://www.ncleg.gov/Sessions/2019/Bills/House/PDF/H388v2.pdf (accessed June 10, 2019).
Schmit CD, Penn MS. Expanding state laws and a growing role for pharmacists in vaccination services. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017;57(6):661-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2017.07.001
Prescott WA, Bernhardi C. Immunization Education in US Pharmacy Colleges and Schools. Am J Pharm Educ. 2017 [ahead of print]. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6765
Terriff CM, McKeirnan K. Training student pharmacists to administer emergency pediatric influenza vaccine: A comparison of traditional vs. just-in-time training. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2017;9(4):560-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2017.03.006
Wisconsin Legislature. Wisconsin Act 42. 2017. http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/acts/42 (accessed April 29, 2019).
Kempe A, Wortley P, O’Leary S, Crane LA, Daley MF, Stokley S, Babbel C, Dong F, Beaty B, Seewald L, Suh C, Dickinson LM. Pediatricians’ attitudes about collaborations with other community vaccinators in the delivery of seasonal influenza vaccine. Acad Pediatr. 2012;12(1):26-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2011.07.004
Saville AW, Szilagyi P, Helmkamp L, Albertin C, Gurfinkel D, Vangela S, Dickinson LM, Zhou X, Roth H, Kempe A. Potential strategies to achieve universal influenza vaccination for children: provider attitudes in two states. Acad Pediatr. 2018;18(8):873-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.07.003
Shah PD, Calo WA, Marciniak MW, Gilkey MB, Brewer NT. Support for pharmacist-provided HPV vaccination: National surveys of U.S. physicians and parents. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(8):970-978. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0380
Calo WA, Gilkey MB, Shah P, Marciniak MW, Brewer NT. Parents’ willingness to get human papillomavirus vaccination for their adolescent children at a pharmacy. Prev Med. 2017;99:251-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.02.003
Rand CM, Humiston SG, Schaffer SJ, Albertin CS, Shone LP, Blumkin AK, Stokley S, Szilagyi PG. Parent and adolescent perspectives about adolescent vaccine delivery: practical considerations for vaccine communication. Vaccine. 2011;29(44):7651-7658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.002
Shah PD, Marciniak MW, Golden SD, Trogdon JG, Golin CE, Brewer NT. Pharmacies versus doctors’ offices for adolescent vaccination. Vaccine. 2018;36(24):3453-3459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.088
Evrony A, Caplan A. The overlooked dangers of anti-vaccination groups’ social media presence. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2017;13(6):1475-1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1283467
American Academy of Pediatrics. Joint Statement Supporting the VACCINES Act. http://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/Joint-Statement-Supporting-the-VACCINES-Act.aspx (accessed June 10, 2019).
Deshpande M, Schauer J, Mott DA, Young HN, Cory P. Parents’ perceptions of pharmacists as providers of influenza vaccine to children. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2013;53(5):488-495. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.13017
Bardenheier BH, Yusuf HR, Rosenthal J, Santoli JM, Shefer AM, Rickert DL, Chu SY. Factors associated with underimmunization at 3 months of age in four medically underserved areas. Public Health Rep. 2004;119(5):479-485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phr.2004.07.005
Haas-Gehres A, Sebastian S, Lamberjack K. Impact of pharmacist integration in a pediatric primary care clinic on vaccination errors: A retrospective review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(4):415-418. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13094
Wise KA, Sebastian SJ, Haas-Gehres AC, Moore-Clingenpeel MD, Lamberjack KE. Pharmacist impact on pediatric vaccination errors and missed opportunities in the setting of clinical decision support. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017;57(3):356-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2017.02.025
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccination Records. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/records.html (accessed June 10, 2019).
Martin DW, Lowery NE, Brand B, Gold R, Horlick G. Immunization information systems: a decade of progress in law and policy. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2015;21(3):296-303. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000040
The authors hereby transfer, assign or otherwise convey to Pharmacy Practice (1) the right to grant permission to republish or reprint the stated material, in whole or in part, without a fee; (2) the right to print or epublish copies for free distribution or sale; and (3) the right to republish the stated material in any format (electronic or printed). In addition, the undersigned affirms that the article described above has not previously been published, in whole or part, is not subject to copyright or other rights except by the author(s), and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere, except as communicated in writing to Pharmacy Practice with this document.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-NC-ND) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Author Self-Archiving Policy
Pharmacy Practice permits and encourages authors to post and archive the final PDFs of their respective articles submitted to the journal on personal websites or institutional repositories after publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit its publication in this journal.
