A A Systematic Review of Pharmacists’ Role in COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons learned for a future pandemic
Main Article Content
Keywords
COVID-19, pharmacists, pharmaceutical Care, roles of pharmacists, treatment of COVID-19
Abstract
Background: The global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) taught many lessons for the global healthcare system and being a healthcare team member, it is important for pharmacists to learn from the pandemic and prepare better for any future pandemics. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the key roles performed by pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic and arrive at a few recommendations for pharmacists to better prepare themselves to handle any future pandemics. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the appropriate methods and reputable electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Also, Google Scholar and reviewing reference lists of other studies were used to capture any missing studies. Search terms were developed and combined with Boolean operators “AND” and “OR”. These search terms included COVID-19, coronavirus, pharmacists, pharmaceutical care, roles of pharmacists, and treatment of COVID-19. Studies published from 2019 to 2022, focusing only on COVID-19 and the roles of pharmacists, and reports from relevant nursing websites, including the World Health Organization, were included. Thematic analysis was used for theme development. With the use of this thematic method, relevant themes related to the study's purposes were developed and used to address the research aims. Results: Results showed pharmacists play a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing education and counseling to people, including patients either in the community or hospital settings as a way to widen their skills and knowledge about the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, mode of transmission, and potential prevention measures. Further, it was found that pharmacists played a key role in providing masks and they ensure a stable supply of other personal protective equipment. In addition, pharmacists played an important role in providing pharmaceutical services, such as dispensing medications, improving access to the needed medications, and providing telemedicine for the effective management of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. There were also contributions made by pharmacists to vaccination programs. Conclusion: Pharmacists demonstrated key roles during the COVID-19 pandemic and contributed to the continuum of care but with few clinical decision roles.
References
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6. Bukhari N, Rasheed H, Nayyer B. Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Pharm. Policy Pract. 2020 Dec;13(1):1-4. https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w
7. Lee DH, Watson KE, Al Hamarneh YN. Impact of COVID-19 on frontline pharmacists’ roles and services in Canada: The INSPIRE Survey. Can Pharm J. 2021 Nov;154(6):368-73. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17151635211028253
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9. Collins CDWN, Sudekum DM, Hecht JP. Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Am J Health‐Sys Pharm. 2020;77:1409–1416. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34279579/
10. Yemm KE, Arnall JR, Cowgill NA. Necessity of pharmacist-driven nonprescription telehealth consult services in the era of COVID-19. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020 Jul 23; 77(15):1188. https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/77/15/1188/5837104
11. Elson EC, Oermann C, Duehlmeyer S, et al. Use of telemedicine to provide clinical pharmacy services during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020; 77:1005–1006. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32369111/
12. Visacri MB, Figueiredo IV, Lima TM. Role of pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):1799-1806. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.20143859v1.full
13. Sawad AB, Turkistani F. Role of Pharmacists during COVID-19 Pandemic. Arch Med 2021; 17(7):1-6. https://www.researchgate. net/profile/Aseel-Bin-Sawad/publication/353343542_Fighting_Covid-19_Pandemic_Analysis_of_the_Swedish_Model_ vs_Lockdown_Model/links/60f619259541032c6d50a5ce/Fighting-Covid-19-Pandemic-Analysis-of-the-Swedish-Model-vs- Lockdown-Model.pdf
14. Basheti IA, Nassar R, Barakat M, et al. Pharmacists’ readiness to deal with the coronavirus pandemic: Assessing awareness and perception of roles. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(3):514-522. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120304186
15. Bukhari N., et al. Pharmacists at the frontline beating the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2020; 13(8): 1-4. https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40545-020-00210-w
16. Gross AE, MacDougall C. Roles of the clinical pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2020; 3:564–566. https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jac5.1231
17. Song Z, Hu Y, Zheng S, Yang L, Zhao R. Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):2027-2031. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32273253/
18. Hua X, Gu M, Zeng F, et al. Pharmacy administration and pharmaceutical care practice in a module hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020; 60(3):431-438. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544319120301539
19. Zheng SQ, Yang L, Zhou PX, Li HB, Liu F, Zhao RS. Recommendations and guidance for providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A China perspective. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):1819-1824. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120302849
20. Ou HT, Yang YK. Community pharmacists in Taiwan at the frontline against the novel coronavirus pandemic: Gatekeepers for
the rationing of personal protective equipment. Ann Intern Med. 2020; 173(2):149-150. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.7326/M20-1404
21. Strand MA, Bratberg J, Eukel H, Hardy M, Williams C. Community pharmacists’ contributions to disease management during the COVID-19 Pandemic Prev Chronic Dis. 2020;17: E69. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380294/
22. Goff DA, Ashiru--Oredope D, Cairns KA, et al. Global contributions of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic [published online ahead of print, 2020 Oct 2]. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2020:1-13. https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jac5.1329
23. Meng L, Qiu F, Sun S. Providing pharmacy services at cabin hospitals at the coronavirus epicenter in China. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020; 42(2):305-308. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11096-020-01020-5
24. Tan SL, Zhang BK, Xu P. Chinese pharmacists’ rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020;77(14):1096-1097. https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/77/14/1096/5836520
25. Yemm KE, Arnall JR, Cowgill NA. Necessity of pharmacist-driven nonprescription telehealth consult services in the era of COVID-19. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020; 77(15):1188. https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/77/15/1188/5837104
26. Ying W, Qian Y, Kun Z. Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):1978-1983. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120303259
27. Zuckerman AD, Patel PC, Sullivan M, et al. From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020; 77(23):1986-1993. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120303259
28. Merks P, et al. The legal extension of the role of pharmacists in light of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Res. Social Adm. Pharm. 2021;17(1):1807-1812. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551741120306628
29. Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Alrabiah Z, Alhossan A. Saudi Arabia, pharmacists and COVID-19 pandemic. J Pharm Policy Pract. 2020;13:41. https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40545-020-00243-1
30. Bahlol M, Dewey RS. Pandemic preparedness of community pharmacies for COVID-19. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):1888-1896. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32417070/
31. Liao Y, Ma C, Lau AH, Zhong M. Role of pharmacists during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China‐Shanghai Experiences. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2020; 3(5):997-1002. https://accpjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jac5.1288
32. Hess K, Bach A, Won K, Seed SM. Community pharmacists roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Pharm Pract. 2020:1-8. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0897190020980626
33. Bauman JL. Hero clinical pharmacists and the COVID-19 pandemic: Overworked and overlooked. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2020: 1-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267358/
34. Itani R, Karout S, Khojah HMJ, Jaffal F, Abbas F, Awad R, Karout L, Abu-Farha RK, Kassab MB, Mukattash TL. Community pharmacists’ preparedness and responses to COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational study. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Sep;75(9):e14421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34053167/
35. Hoti K, Jakupi A, Hetemi D, Raka D, Hughes J, Desselle S. Provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study of community pharmacists’ experiences with preventative measures and sources of information. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020; 42(4):1197-1206. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342108245_Provision_of_community_ pharmacy_services_during_COVID-19_pandemic_a_cross_sectional_study_of_community_pharmacists’_experiences_with_ preventative_measures_and_sources_of_information
36. Austin Z, Gregory P. Resilience in the time of pandemic: The experience of community pharmacists during COVID-19. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17(1):1867-1875. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7260564/
37. Jovičić-Bata J, Pavlović N, Milošević N, et al. Coping with the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of community pharmacists from Serbia. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2021 Dec; 21(1):1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33823866/
38. Merks P, Religioni U, Bilmin K, Lewicki J, Jakubowska M, Waksmundzka-Walczuk A, Czerw A, Barańska A, Bogusz J, Plagens-Rotman K, Świetlik D, Drelich E, Świeczkowski D, Lambert J, Jaguszewski M, Juszczyk G, Balkhi B, Vaillancourt R. Readiness and Willingness to Provide Immunization Services after Pilot Vaccination Training: A Survey among Community Pharmacists Trained and Not Trained in Immunization during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 12;18(2):599. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9652033/
39. Al Mazrouei N, Ibrahim RM, Al Meslamani AZ, Abdel-Qader DH, Sadeq AS, Mohamed Ibrahim O. The evolving role of community pharmacists during COVID-19 in the UAE; assessing preparedness and knowledge. Int J Pharm Pract. 2021 Mar 17;29(2):137- 144. https://academic.oup.com/ijpp/article/29/2/137/6029091
40. Paudyal V, Cadogan C, Fialová D, Henman MC, Hazen A, Okuyan B, Lutters M, Stewart D. Provision of clinical pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of pharmacists from 16 European countries. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Aug;17(8):1507-1517. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155174112031202X
41. Mallhi TH, Liaqat A, Abid A, Khan YH, Alotaibi NH, Alzarea AI, Tanveer N, Khan TM. Multilevel Engagements of Pharmacists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Way Forward. Front Public Health. 2020 Dec 8;8:561924. [43] Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 21;382(21):1969-1973 https://www. frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.561924/full
42. Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 21;382(21):1969-1973
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Mar 26, 2025
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A A Systematic Review of Pharmacists’ Role in COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons learned for a future pandemic . Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 26 [cited 2025 Apr. 21];23(1). Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/2992
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How to Cite
1.
A A Systematic Review of Pharmacists’ Role in COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons learned for a future pandemic . Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 26 [cited 2025 Apr. 21];23(1). Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/2992